Minimum curriculum requirements for Magister Programmes
in CHEMISTRY

  1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

    Magister programmes in Chemistry last five years (ten terms). The total course load for magister programmes in this field is ca. 3500 hours. The minimum curriculum requirements cover a total of 1860 hours and include blocks of courses in general education and basic and major courses.

  1. PROFILE OF THE GRADUATE

    2. Magister in Chemistry should be equipped with:

  1. COURSE GROUPS AND MINIMUM HOUR LOAD

  1. GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES

240 hours

  1. BASIC COURSES

270 hours

  1. MAJOR COURSES

1350 hours

Total:

1860 hours

  1. COURSES BY GROUPS AND MINIMUM HOUR LOAD

  1. GENERAL EDUCATION COURSES

240 hours

  1. Courses in the Humanities (Philosophy, Ethics, Methodology of Natural Sciences, Protection of Intellectual Property or other facultative courses)

60 hours

  1. Foreign language (English)

120 hours

  1. Physical Education

60 hours

  1. BASIC COURSES

270 hours

  1. Mathematics

150 hours

  1. Physics

90 hours

  1. Information Science

30 hours

  1. MAJOR COURSES

1350 hours

  1. Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis

240 hours

  1. Physical Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry and Crystallography

390 hours

  1. General and Inorganic Chemistry

300 hours

  1. Organic Chemistry and Chemistry of Macromolecules

360 hours

  1. Chemical Technology

60 hours

  1. CURRICULUM CONTENTS

  1. BASIC COURSES

  1. MATHEMATICS

    Sequences and series of numbers, power and trigonometric series. Differential calculus of a function of one variable (elementary functions, continuity and limit of function, function derivative and its application). Integral calculus of a function of one variable (definite and indefinite integral, basic methods for calculation of integrals, definite integral application). Complex numbers. Linear algebra (matrixes and basic concepts connected with them, systems of equations, determinants, eigen-values and -vectors). Functions of several variables (continuity and limit of function, partial derivatives, derivative and its application, function extrema). Double and triple integral. Differential equations (basic types of equations integrated elementary, linear equations with constant coefficients. Elements of analytical and solid geometry. Fundamentals of the theory of groups. Fournier series. Elements of probability mathematics.

  2. PHYSICS

    Area of interest and methods of research in physics. Mechanics of particles and dynamics of the solid body. Principles of conservation of energy, momentum and moment of momentum. Gravitation interaction. Elastic properties of matter. Vibrations and waves in elastic centres. Polarization, interference and diffraction of a wave. Elements of the theory of electromagnetic field. Interaction between the field and the matter. Electric and magnetic properties of matter. Elements of quantum mechanics. Structure of the atom and a particle. Natural and artificial radiation. Elements of nuclear physics.

  3. INFORMATION SCIENCE

    Elements of PC computers operation. Operational systems, system commands, use of filed and catalogues, file attributes and configuration commands, elements of input processing, standard streams of information, filters, internal and external commands, environment of command processor, start-up of programmes, memory management and computer configuration. Problem solving aided by digital computers, program languages, compilers, integrated environment of program developer, program development, compilation and start-up. Program structure, keywords, identifiers, data types and descriptions, instructions, functions and procedures, modules. Algorithm coding, algorithm numerical stability, elements of numerical methods. Operation of application programmes used for chemistry.

  1. MAJOR COURSES

  1. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS

    Analytical Chemistry. Determinability and detectability of elements. Methods of separation used in analysis (extraction, ion exchange, chromatography, methods based on precipitation). Elements of quantitative analysis: identification and separation of selected ions in solutions. Elements of qualitative analysis: methods based on transfer of protons (acid-based titration), electrons (manganometry, chromianometry, bromometry, iodometry), ions and particles (compleximetry) and making use of equilibrium in heterogeneous systems (gravimetric analysis, precipitation titration). Indicator in acid-base, redox , complex formation, precipitation reactions. Preparation of samples for analysis (taking, solution, mineralization). Standardization of analytical methods. Statistical working out of chemical analysis results.

    Instrumental Analysis. Description and classification of instrumental methods. Methodology: calibration, interference, selectivity, accuracy, precision. Spectroscopic methods. Absorption and emission spectra, laws of absorption. Analytical use of: electronic absorption and emission, oscillation, Raman, nuclear and electronic resonance, X-ray, atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Electrochemical methods: voltametry, potentiometry, oscillometry, coulometry, conductometry. Direct- and alternating current polarography. Application of ion-selective electrodes. Gas and liquid chromatography. Qualitative and quantitative analysis based on gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Ion chromatography. Chromatography in supercritical conditions. Coupling of chromatographic methods with spectroscopic ones.

  2. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

    Physical Chemistry. Properties of basic states of the matter: gas, liquid, solid. Fundamental concepts of chemical thermodynamics: system, environment, reversible and irreversible processes, state quantities (energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, free enthalpy, chemical potential) and relations between them, state parameters, work and heat. 1st and 2nd principles of thermodynamics. Phenomenological and molecular interpretation of energy and entropy. Thermodynamics of chemical processes: experimental and theoretical methods of determining energy and entropy changes. Thermodynamic criteria of chemical equilibrium, stable equilibrium, influence of temperature and pressure on equilibrium state. Elements of thermodynamics of irreversible processes: forces, thermodynamic flows, energy source, stationary states and equilibrium state of a system. A description of the world surrounding us on the basis of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics of a mixing process: ideal, non-ideal and ideal diluted solutions. Phase equilibrium in one- and multi- component systems: phase rule, phase diagrams, evaporation, distillation, rectification, crystallisation, and extraction processes. Physical and chemical description of adsorption processes on the surface of liquid and solid phases, isotherms of adsorption. Phenomenon of osmosis. Thermodynamics of irreversible processes and chemical kinetics. Concept of order, molecularity, steady rate and energy of reaction activation. Chemical processes, simple and complex (opposite, concurrent, successive). Collision theory and transition state theory. Homogeneous - and heterogeneous catalyses. Autocatalysis. Catalysis in animate nature. Phenomenological and theoretical description of properties of electrolytic solutions, conductivity. Thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical processes: spontaneous (cells) forced (electrolysis). Electromotive force and relations of that force with values characteristic for electrode processes. Basic electrodes. Electrode potential – depending upon concentration and temperature. Electric energy conversion and accumulation. Corrosion. Colloidal systems: structure, optical and electrical properties. Theoretical fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy: electron (photoelectron), oscillation, Raman, rotation, nuclear and electromagnetic resonance, spin resonance and mass spectrometry. Electric and magnetic properties of molecules. Elements of photochemistry, sonochemistry and radiochemistry.

    Theoretical Chemistry. Elements of quantum chemistry. De Broglie principle, Heisenberg relation, time independent Schroedinger equation, Schroedinger equation with time. One electron approximation. Hartee-Fick’s method. Born-Oppenheimer approximation LCAO MO method. Chemical bond, hybridization. Application of the theory of groups. Elements of molecular spectroscopy. Calculation methods of quantum chemistry: semi-empirical and ab initio. Correlation of electrons. Methods exceeding one electron approximation. Entropy and probability, theory of chemical changes. Intermolecule interaction: Van der Waals (dispersive) and elecrodonor-acceptor, hydrogen bonds. Elements of mechanics and molecule dynamics.

    Crystallography . Notion of crystal as an ordered phase. Unit cells. Elements of geometrical crystallography. Crystal space lattice theory, point symmetry, lattice symmetry, space groups. Stages of crystallization process. Structural crystallography. Diffraction methods (Braggs’ law) structure examination ( X-ray radiography, electronography, neutronography). Crystallochemistry. Classification of crystallic structures acording to interaction (metallic, ionic, disperrsive, creating hydrogen bonds) elements of macromolecule crystallochemistry. Crystallophysics. Notion of physical property and its tensor description.

  3. GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    General Chemistry. Structure of an atom. Electronic structure of an multielectron atom. Periodic properties of multielectron elements. Chemical bonds and intermolecular interaction. Gas, liquid and solid phases and their elementary properties. Power and entropic effects of chemical reactions. Chemical equilibrium and kinetics. Acid-base type interaction. Ion equilibrium. Chemical reactions with electron transfer. Elements of electrochemistry.

    Inorganic Chemistry. Classification of inorganic compounds. Chemical bonds and molecule structure. Reactivity of inorganic compounds. Review of basic groups of elements: hydrogen, alkali metals, beryllium, magnesium and alkali earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogen group, helium group gases. Organometallic compounds of elements s & p block. Transition elements. Structure and properties of transition elements compounds. Complex compounds and their reactivity. Elements of block d. Organometallic compounds of elements of block d. Elements of block f. Elements of bioinorganic chemistry.

  4. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTRY OF MACROMOLECULES

    Organic Chemistry. Structure and chemical bond. Hybridization, resonance, elctronegativity and polarisation of bonds. Homolytic and heterolytic dissociation of chemical bond. Energy diagrams of a reaction, concept of transition state and intermediate product. IUPAC nomenclature. Rules for determining E/Z isomerism, R/S nomenclature for chemical compounds. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes. Reactivity. Addition to multiple bonds. Carbocations’ structure and stability. Free-radical and ionic polimerization. Conjugated dienes, resonance. Electrophilic addition to alkynes. Aromatic compounds. Criteria for aroma. Resonance. Electrophilic substitution. Isomerism of multi-substituted aromatic compounds. Reactivity, directing impact of substituent . Nucleophilic substitution of aromatic compounds. Benzyl. Halogening in a side chain: cation, anion and benzyl radical. Policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Stereochemistry. Stereogenic (chiral) centres. Enantiomers, diastereoisomers, meso compounds, racemic mixtures and their distribution. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane. Alkyl halides. Nucleophilic substitution SN1, SN2. Eliminating reactions E1 and E2 – mechanism and stereochemistry. Alcohols, phenols , ethers and epoxides. Reactivity: reactions with alkyl halides, phosphorus halides, dehydration, reactions with metals, oxidation, acylation. Synthesis of ethers, thiols and sulfides. Amines: alkalinity, nucleophility. Synthesis and reactions of amines: alkylation, degradation of amine salts, acylation. Diazonium compounds - use in organic synthesis. Aldehydes and ketones. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polisaccharides. Amino acides and peptides: peptide bonds, dipolar structure, isoelectric point. Structure and properties of carbonyl group. Nucleophilic addition of water, alcohols, amines and Grignard’s compounds to carbonyl group. Wittig’s reaction. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Acidity. Synthesis of carboxylic acids, esterification reaction. Formation of acid halides, amides, anhydrides. Alkylation and acylation of enols and enolic ions. Use of ethyl acetylaceton and diethyl malonate in organic synthesis. Condensation reaction: aldol, Claisen, Michael and similar condensation. Enamines and their use in the synthesis. Rearrangement of carbocations. Heterocyclic compounds. Reactions with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents – oxidation and reduction. Acidic and basic properties of organic compounds.– UV – VIS, IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy – a tool for structure determination. Application of mass spectrometry in organic chemistry. Organic synthesis. Retrosynthesis concept. Notion of synton. Changes of functional groups. Block groups concept.

    Chemistry of macromolecules. Notion of macromolecule and polymer. Chief methods of macromolecule synthesis. Polymerization and polycondensation. Processes of chain polymerization . Elementary reactions: initiation, propagation, termination and transfer. Radical and ionic polimerization. More important classes of polymers: carbon chain polymers, heterochain polymers, polyolefines, vinyl polymers, polyesters, polyamides. Elements of chemistry of supramolecules. Biomacromolecules: polipeptydes, nuclein acid, teichoic acids, polysaccharides and their structural elements. More important methods of the synthesis of polypeptides, polynucleotides and polysaccharides. Synthesis at the solid phase. Automated methods. PCR method in the DNA synthesis. Primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of biomolecules. Laevo- and dextro-rotated helixes. Double helix of DNA, higher structures of proteins. Collagen .

  5. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

    Chemical technology – the area of interest and relations with other natural and technical sciences. Physical and chemical bases of technological processes. Technological rules. Unit operations and processes: heat transport, mass transport (transport of gases, liquids, solids). Resolution of dispersed systems, rectification, crystallization, extraction. Resolution based on osmosis and inverted osmosis. Raw material resources for chemical industry. Conservative and destructive crude oil treatment, technology of sulphur and nitrogen compounds. Catalysis and catalysts. New materials technology. Issues of natural environment protection: solid wastes and waste water management and utilisation. Main features of the world and Polish chemical industry.

  1. RECOMMENDATIONS

    2. Not less than 60% of hours should be conducted in the form of calculation and laboratory classes. The programme of study should include (according to a specialization or profile of a higher education institution) industrial, laboratory or teaching practical placement.